ืืืืงืช ืงืืืืืช BGP
ืืืื ื ืงืืืืืช (ืื ืืชืืืช ืืืืืช). ืืชืฉืืื ืืืืขื ืืืขืืชืง ืืืืื ืฉืื ื ืฉื ืืืืช ืื ืืชืื ืืขืืืืืช.
59.103.0.0/16
ืืืืจืืช ืืืืืง
- 59.103.0.0/16AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.0.0
- ืจืฉื
- APNIC ยท ืคืงืืกืื ยท 25 ืืกืคืืณ 2007
- ืืืืง ืืืงืฆื
- 59.103.0.0 โ 59.103.255.255
ื ืชืืืื ืืืกืื
ืืื ื ืชืื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืฉืืืกื ืืืชื.
ืชืช-ืงืืืืืืช
- 59.103.0.0/20AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.0.0
- 59.103.20.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.20.0
- 59.103.27.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.27.0
- 59.103.32.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.32.0
- 59.103.33.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.33.0
- 59.103.34.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.34.0
- 59.103.35.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.35.0
- 59.103.36.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.36.0
- 59.103.37.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.37.0
- 59.103.38.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.38.0
- 59.103.39.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.39.0
- 59.103.40.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.40.0
- 59.103.41.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.41.0
- 59.103.43.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.43.0
- 59.103.44.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.44.0
- 59.103.45.0/24AS150750IN CABLE INTERNET (PRIVATE) LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.45.0
- 59.103.46.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.46.0
- 59.103.47.0/24AS139820HG TELECOMMUNICATION PRIVATE LIMITEDRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.47.0
- 59.103.48.0/24AS137910Wavecomm (Private) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.48.0
- 59.103.49.0/24AS137910Wavecomm (Private) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.49.0
- 59.103.59.0/24AS137910Wavecomm (Private) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.59.0
- 59.103.60.0/24AS137910Wavecomm (Private) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.60.0
- 59.103.61.0/24AS137910Wavecomm (Private) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.61.0
- 59.103.62.0/24AS137910Wavecomm (Private) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.62.0
- 59.103.63.0/24AS137910Wavecomm (Private) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.63.0
- 59.103.72.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.72.0
- 59.103.74.0/24AS58895Ebone Network (PVT.) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.74.0
- 59.103.75.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.75.0
- 59.103.76.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.76.0
- 59.103.77.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.77.0
- 59.103.78.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.78.0
- 59.103.80.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.80.0
- 59.103.86.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.86.0
- 59.103.87.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.87.0
- 59.103.88.0/23AS56167Plot No 181-186 StreetRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.88.0
- 59.103.90.0/23AS56167Plot No 181-186 StreetRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.90.0
- 59.103.92.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.92.0
- 59.103.94.0/23AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.94.0
- 59.103.96.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.96.0
- 59.103.97.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.97.0
- 59.103.98.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.98.0
- 59.103.99.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.99.0
- 59.103.100.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.100.0
- 59.103.101.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.101.0
- 59.103.102.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.102.0
- 59.103.103.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.103.0
- 59.103.104.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.104.0
- 59.103.105.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.105.0
- 59.103.106.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.106.0
- 59.103.107.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.107.0
- 59.103.108.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.108.0
- 59.103.109.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.109.0
- 59.103.110.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.110.0
- 59.103.111.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.111.0
- 59.103.112.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.112.0
- 59.103.113.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.113.0
- 59.103.114.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.114.0
- 59.103.115.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.115.0
- 59.103.116.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.116.0
- 59.103.117.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.117.0
- 59.103.118.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.118.0
- 59.103.119.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.119.0
- 59.103.120.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.120.0
- 59.103.121.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.121.0
- 59.103.122.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.122.0
- 59.103.123.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.123.0
- 59.103.124.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.124.0
- 59.103.125.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.125.0
- 59.103.126.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.126.0
- 59.103.127.0/24AS9541Cyber Internet Services (Pvt) Ltd.RPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.127.0
- 59.103.130.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.130.0
- 59.103.131.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.131.0
- 59.103.132.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.132.0
- 59.103.133.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.133.0
- 59.103.136.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.136.0
- 59.103.138.0/24AS132165Connect CommunicationsRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.138.0
- 59.103.139.0/24AS132165Connect CommunicationsRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.139.0
- 59.103.140.0/22AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.140.0
- 59.103.151.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.151.0
- 59.103.152.0/23AS58895Ebone Network (PVT.) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.152.0
- 59.103.152.0/24AS58895Ebone Network (PVT.) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.152.0
- 59.103.153.0/24AS58895Ebone Network (PVT.) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.153.0
- 59.103.154.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.154.0
- 59.103.155.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.155.0
- 59.103.156.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.156.0
- 59.103.157.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.157.0
- 59.103.158.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.158.0
- 59.103.159.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.159.0
- 59.103.164.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.164.0
- 59.103.165.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.165.0
- 59.103.166.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.166.0
- 59.103.167.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.167.0
- 59.103.176.0/24AS58895Ebone Network (PVT.) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.176.0
- 59.103.178.0/23AS58895Ebone Network (PVT.) LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.178.0
- 59.103.180.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.180.0
- 59.103.181.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.181.0
- 59.103.182.0/23AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.182.0
- 59.103.184.0/23AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.184.0
- 59.103.184.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.184.0
- 59.103.185.0/24AS17557Pakistan Telecommunication Company LimitedRPKI ืชืงืฃ59.103.185.0
ืืืฆืืืช 100 ืืจืืฉืื ืืช.
ืืืื ืืจื ื, ื ืชืืืื ืืืืจืืื ืืงืืืืืืช: ืืขืจืืช ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจืช ืืฉืื ืืชืื ื-BGP ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืกืืจ ืชืขืืืจื ื-128.139.0.0/16, ืืืฉื. ืืืื ืืืืง ืงืืืืืช ืืขืืชืง ืืืืื ืฉืื ื ืฉื ืืืืช ืื ืืชืื ืืขืืืืืช ืืืฆืื ืฉืืืฉื ืืืจืื:
- ืืืจืืืช ืืืืืงืืช: ืืืื AS ืืืจืื ืืืืืง ืขื ืืงืืืืืช ืืื. ืืืชืจ ืืืงืืจ ืืื (MOAS) ืืื ืจืืื ืืฉืืจืืชื Anycast ืืืืืง ืืืจืฉืชืืช ืขื Multihoming, ืืืฉืื ืืืงืจืื ืืืจืื.
- ื ืชืืืื ืืืกืื: ืืืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืชืจ ืฉืืืืืืช ืืืชื. ืืชืขืืืจื ืืืืืช ืืคื ืื ืชืื ืืกืคืฆืืคื ืืืืชืจ, ืืืื ื ืชืื ืืืกื ืืฉืื ืื ืืกืคืฆืืคื ื ืขืื.
- ืชืช-ืงืืืืืืช: ืืืจืืืช ืืชืืื, ืฉืขืฉืืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉื ืจืฉืชืืช ืืืจืืช (ืืงืืืืช, ืื ืืืืคื).
ืื ื ืชืื ืืืืจื ื ืืืง ืื ืืื ื-RPKI: ืืื ืจืฉืืืช ROA ืืชืืจื ืืช ื-AS ืืืืจืื.
ืืืืื ืืื ืืชืฆืืื ืืืืกืฃ ืื ืชืืืื ืฉื APNIC. ืจืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืงืื, ืืื ื ืชืื ืฉืืกืื ื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืืข ืืืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืืืคืืข.
ืฉืืืืช ื ืคืืฆืืช
ืืื ื-โ/24 ืฉืื ืื ืืืคืืข ืืื โ/16 ืื?
ืืืชืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืจืืืช ืืืืง ืืืืืืง ืืืืื, ืืืฃ ืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืขื ื-โ/24 ืื ืคืจื. ืื ืืืฆื ืืจืืื ืืจืื ืืืงืืืืช ืฉื ืกืคืง.
ืื ืื ืืืืคืช ืชืช-ืงืืืืืช?
ืืืฉืื ืืืจืื ืขื ืงืืืืืช ืืจืืื ืืืชืจ ืืชืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืื. ืืืืืื ืฉื ืชืืื ืืขืืืคืื ืืช ืื ืชืื ืืกืคืฆืืคื ืืืืชืจ, ืืชืขืืืจื ืืืืืช ืืืื. โRPKI ืขื ืืืจื ืืงืกืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืคื ืืืจืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืชืงืคืืช.
ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืชืืืช ืืืืืช?
ืื. ืืืื ืืฆืื ืื ืืช ืื ืชืื ืืืืืจื ืืกืคืฆืืคื ืืืืชืจ ืฉืืืื ืืืชื.
ืงืฉืืจ
- ืืืืืช ื ืชืืืื ื-RPKIืืื ื-AS ืฉืืืจืื ืขื ืื ืชืื ืืืจืฉื ืืจืฉืืืช ROA?
- ืืืืงืช ASNืืืขืืื, ืืจืฉื ืืื ืงืืืืืช ืฉื-AS ืืืจืื ืขืืื.
- ืืืืงืช IPASN, ืกืคืง ืืื ืืจื ื, ื ืชืื, DNS ืืคืื ืืืืงืื ืืื ืืชืืืช.
- ืืืฉืืื CIDRืืชืืืช ืจืฉืช, ืฉืืืืจ, ืืกืืืช ืืืกืคืจ ืืืจืืื ืืื ืงืืืืืช.